Production and Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Azadirachta Indica NeemSeeds (Neem Seeds)

Abstract

Biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas produced from the waste of various substrates are examples of renewable energy sources that are of major importance in the present fossil fuel energy paradigm. These fuels make it possible to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Furthermore, the use of renewable energy sources could partially offset the consumption of fuels that pollute the environment and might become rare in the future. These factors have led to their designation as "alternative fuels." Because of its high density, high viscosity, and high flash point, vegetable oil cannot be utilized in diesel engines directly. Therefore, to make it consistent with the fuel qualities of conventional fuel, it must be turned into biodiesel. In this study, the oil from Azadirachta indica (neem seed) was extracted and transformed into biodiesel, and several fuel parameters were examined, including pour point, density, flash point, and viscosity. Neem seeds have an oil content of 30–40 %. Neem oil is used to make mono-alkyl esters, or biodiesel, through a process known as "trans-esterification." The ideal circumstances for obtaining the highest possible biodiesel output were identified. It was evident that the biodiesel's fuel characteristics, including its kinematic viscosity of 4.92 mm²/s (8.61 cm²/s), density of 861 kg/ cm³ (8.61×105 g/ cm²/s), and other metrics, fall within the acceptable criteria. A superior substitute for fossil fuels, biodiesel is becoming more and more appealing, non-toxic, and biodegradable.